STRUCTURED CABLING
Structured cabling is the design and installation of a cabling system that will support multiple hardware uses and be suitable for today's needs and those of the future. With a correctly installed system, current and future requirements can be met, and hardware that is added in the future will be supported
Structured cabling design and installation is governed by a set of standards that specify wiring data centers, offices, and apartment buildings for data or voice communications using various kinds of cable, most commonly category 5e (Cat 5e), category 6 (Cat 6), and fiber optic cabling and modular connectors. These standards define how to lay the cabling in various topologies in order to meet the needs of the customer, typically using a central patch panel (which is normally 19-inch rack-mounted), from where each modular connection can be used as needed. Each outlet is then patched into a network switch (normally also rack-mounted) for network use or into an IP or PBX (private branch exchange) telephone system patch panel.
Lines patched as data ports into a network switch require simple straight-through patch cables at each end to connect a computer. Voice patches to PBXs in most countries require an adapter at the remote end to translate the configuration on 8P8C modular connectors into the local standard telephone wall socket. No adapter is needed in North America as the 6P2C and 6P4C plugs most commonly used with RJ11 and RJ14 telephone connections are physically and electrically compatible with the larger 8P8C socket. RJ25 and RJ61 connections are physically but not electrically compatible, and cannot be used. In the United Kingdom, an adapter must be present at the remote end as the 6-pin BT socket is physically incompatible with 8P8C.
It is common to color-code patch panel cables to identify the type of connection, though structured cabling standards do not require it except in the demarcation wall field.
Cabling standards require that all eight conductors in Cat 5e/6/6A cable be connected.
IP phone systems can run the telephone and the computer on the same wires, eliminating the need for separate phone wiring.
Regardless of copper cable type (Cat 5e/6/6A), the maximum distance is 90 m for the permanent link installation, plus an allowance for a combined 10 m of patch cords at the ends.
Cat 5e and Cat 6 can both effectively run power over Ethernet (PoE) applications up to 90 m. However, due to greater power dissipation in Cat 5e cable, performance and power efficiency are higher when Cat 6A cabling is used to power and connect to PoE devices.
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
A Thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and is able to transfer data over a network.
Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate more efficiently, better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer service, improve decision-making and increase the value of the business.
How IoT works
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.
The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed.
WHAT IS ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM?
Access control is a way of restricting access to parts of a place to authorised people only. It means that only the authorised staff or managers can access the warehouse, while cleaners and customers are restricted to the shop area, for example. A simple system may only consist of a single door with an electric lock that needs the user to enter a code on a keypad, fingerprint or a key fob to gain entry (like a garage with a remote control, for example). A complex system can consist of hundreds of doors, with certain users only allowed to access certain doors, and maybe only at certain times or on certain days of the year.
Locks are electronic (or mechanical) fastening devices that are released by key, electronic cards, remote controls, mobile app, control panel code providing a unique and safe combination for unlocking and enabling access. While the mechanical locks allow only physical contact for locking/unlocking, the electronic lock provide way more options to control the access, as the convenient remote controls and mobile apps.
WHAT IS A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM?
Surveillance Cameras are also known as closed-circuit television (or simply CCTV). They are usually used for video surveillance, registering images and monitoring places, but can also include people counting and tracking, facial and vehicle number plate recognition, business analytics and more. There are so many kinds of cameras, from standard and simple to very sophisticated ones, including high definition, fixed or varifocal lenses, with zoom optical, 180° and 360° views, automatic tracking movement and objects, with night capture lenses and lights, covert cameras, for the indoor/outdoor environment, anti-vandalism and other.
WHAT IS CCTV?
CCTV or closed-circuit television are security cameras designed to capture images for surveillance purposes. They are usually used for video surveillance, registering images and monitoring places, but also can include people counting and tracking, facial and vehicles number plate recognition, business analytics and more. There are so many kinds of cameras, from standard and simple to very sophisticated ones, including high definition, fixed or varifocal lenses, with zoom optical, 180° and 360° views, automatic tracking movement and objects, with night capture lenses and lights, covert cameras, for the indoor/outdoor environment, anti-vandalism and other.
WHAT IS ALARM SYSTEM?
Alarm system is a combination of electronic components to detect unauthorised access to a building or area, usually to protect the place and its valuables.
It can also include the management of certain activities and send signals according to the designed system. As an example, it is possible to have an alarm system to detect the excess of water in a farm or the leak of carbon monoxide gas in a factory, to prevent damages.
The alarm system is usually connected to locks, detectors, sirens, and also cameras, and is controlled by the control panel.
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